Schopenhauer'de irade ahlâk ilişkisi

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Thesis Type: Doctorate

Institution Of The Thesis: Istanbul University, Institute of Social Sciences, İlahiyat Fakültesi Bölümü, Turkey

Approval Date: 2013

Thesis Language: Turkish

Student: AHMET UĞURLU

Supervisor: Bayram Ali Çetinkaya

Open Archive Collection: AVESIS Open Access Collection

Abstract:

This study aims to establish the relation between will and ethics in the thought of Schopenhauer. It will also examine the coherence of the critique, resulting from Schupenhauer?s treatment of ethics and will, levelled against the theistic thought. Schopenhauer tried to describe philosophically the noumenal realm which was accepted as ineffable by Kant. Thus Schopenhauer named will as the thing-in-itself, being the infinite source of existence. The will to become the source of existence both in the animate, which includes human beings as well, and in the inanimate beings causes struggle. Since this struggle creates sorrow in the animate world, which is sensitive to pain, Schopenhauer describes life as evil.In order to avoid the evils existent in life and also not to inflict pain to other animate beings, human beings should be freed from the desires as the representation of the will. An individual who is freed of these desires will realise that s/he shares the same substance with the other beings, which will make her/him approach to everybody benignly. Otherwise, this individual, who will inevitably be locked up in the phenomenal world, will cause suffering to everybody, including her/himself. The only way to get away from this is to know that everybody came into existence out of the same will.Schopenhauer scrutinizes monotheistic religions as a result of his views on ethics and will. He believes that the anthropomorphic descriptions of God by monotheist religions increase the struggle between human beings, which in turn creates great suffering. It should be noted that for Schopenhauer, monotheist religions mostly mean Judaism and Christianity. Even then, because of his pessimist thought, he approaches positively to the Christian view of the fall. At the same time, he also criticizes the inquisition persecutions born out of the fall theology in Christianity. This is striking since it indicates that approaching life pessimistically does not always result in mercy towards other creatures.