The Relationship between CO₂ Emissions, Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, Exports, and Imports in Turkey
ICRRD Journal, cilt.6, sa.5, ss.148-162, 2025 (Hakemli Dergi)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 6 Sayı: 5
- Basım Tarihi: 2025
- Doi Numarası: 10.53272/icrrd
- Dergi Adı: ICRRD Journal
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.148-162
- İstanbul Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This study investigates the relationship between CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, exports, and imports in Turkey (Türkiye) between 1970 and 2023. The vector error correction model (VECM) and the Granger causality tests are employed to observe the interactions between these variables. The findings imply that CO2 emissions and energy consumption, CO2 emissions and exports, energy consumption and exports, and economic growth and exports have bidirectional causal relationships. Furthermore, unidirectional causal relationships from imports to exports and from economic growth to imports are also observed. Energy consumption positively affects CO2 emissions in the short and long-run. Regarding the short-run, economic growth, exports and imports stimulate CO2 emissions. In the long-run, economic growth and exports negatively impact CO2 emissions. Finally, the current study recommends vital policies that focus on energy-saving production in Turkey.