Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
REAL CORP 2020 SHAPING URBAN CHANGE LIVABLE CITY REGIONS FOR THE 21st CENTURY, Aachen, Almanya, 15 - 18 Eylül 2020, ss.781-788
Transformation of cities to low carbon cities is a global policy priority that attracts a wide range of actors,
including policymakers, local governments, scientists as well as associated technology companies. On the
other hand, the geographic, climatic, and structural variations across cities are high not only at the global
level but also in sub-continental regions. Besides, the cities also contain highly varied districts with respect
to their built environment, land use, microclimatic conditions, and geographical and topological features,
where some type of districts may require similar solutions adopted in other cities rather than the district’s
own city. Historical districts constitute a particular category from this perspective, where retrofitting and
application of smart energy systems and energy-efficient solutions depend on different issues than in other
districts.
Historical districts have unique problems with respect to the adoption of smart and energy-efficient
technologies. While positive carbon districts imply energy production at the site, low carbon districts instead
focus on decreasing energy usage and carbon footprints. The selection of the appropriate basic strategy at the
district level relies on sound scientific assessment. The assessment should be able to evaluate whether the
district is capable of locally producing positive energy outputs without significantly altering or destroying
the historical characteristics and ongoing or proposed socio-economic functions. As an example, assessment
of the application of solar energy panels in historic neighbourhoods require building based modelling
approaches for: a) understanding whether solar energy panels may function within a required technical
operation range in built environments; b) if the energy produced locally may be distributed to other buildings
in the district; c) if historical buildings can safely accommodate solar energy panels and associated
infrastructure; d) if energy storage is necessary and if buildings possess suitable interior spaces for safe
storage of electric energy.
All these categories of assessment require standardised, rich, transmissible data on various properties of the
interior and exterior of existing buildings, of open spaces, and of existing infrastructure. Often, historical
neighbourhoods consist of a large number of buildings and extensions which have been subject to an
unknown number of interventions over time with varying quality. It is highly unlikely that any existing
databases could provide the basis for the extraction of relevant information, as in the past the purposes of
such data collectiond did not involve objectives regarding energy efficiency or positive energy potentials. On
the other hand, it would be costly and technically challenging to collect all such data from the site by
traditional surveys. This problem is exacerbated as many cities now face sudden policy pressures to apply
sustainable energy action plans at short notice. All these issues force the stakeholders to seek effective
solutions for collecting data, structuring of data and conducting integrated-holistic retrofit simulations in
historical districts that provide the evidence-based information for the selection of the suitable technological
approach and strategic choices to transform historical cities into low carbon cities. In addition, such
simulations might enable a healthier assessment of making use of carbon credits and other incentives in line
with such strategies and interventions.
This paper discusses the general situation of historical districts and their assessment as positive or low
energy districts, in the context of EU Neighbourhood countries. As a first step, the paper evaluates the
regulatory framework regarding the UNDP Sustainable Development Goals, global climate change, EU
Energy Policy, cultural heritage preservation, retrofitting in historical districts, and research-policy
connections. Next, the paper surveys the literature associated with the data problems in the simulation of the
application of sustainable energy systems and provides a critical evaluation of the general case of historical
districts. Third, the paper explores the situation of data assets in the EU, its neighbourhood and Turkey, with a particular emphasis on building level data about buildings in historic districts. The paper discusses
alternative approaches to effective data collection and joining strategies that would serve for different levels
of PV solar energy simulations in historical districts. The paper concludes by providing a research agenda on
PV Solar Energy simulations in historical districts for improving relationships between scientific research
and policies addressing Climate Change.