Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
ANADOLU 15th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SCIENCES, Diyarbakır, Türkiye, 12 - 14 Haziran 2024, ss.14-21
are crucial components of almost all ecosystems, from high mountains to deep oceans. They play a significant role in the decomposition, utilization, and transformation of a wide variety of organic and
inorganic substances. These characteristics make fungi a valuable resource for industrial and biotechnological applications. Their applications span agriculture, food and feed, pharmaceuticals, the
paper and textile industries, as well as the biodegradation of plastics and bioconcrete studies. In the field of medical biotechnology, microfungi are of great importance, particularly in the production
of antibiotics like penicillin derived from Penicillium species. Additionally, immunosuppressive drugs like cyclosporin A and cholesterol-lowering agents such as lovastatin are produced by microfungi.
In food biotechnology, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus sojae have been used for thousands of yearsin the production of soy sauce. Aspergillus niger is a commercially significant fungus for the production
of citric acid and amylase. These fungi are also valuable in the production of mycoprotein, dietary fibers, and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
In industrial biotechnology, filamentous fungi play a crucial role in enzyme production, biofertilizer, and biodiesel production. Fungal species like Aspergillus and Trichoderma reesei are used in the
production of industrial enzymes, antibiotics, and organic acids. Filamentous fungi can also produce polyunsaturated fatty acids from low-cost substrates, offering significant advantages in biodiesel
production.
In plastic degradation, fungi contribute to environmental sustainability by secreting biodegradable
enzymes. Enzymes such as cutinase, lipase, and peroxidase facilitate the biological breakdown of
plastics, with fungi playing a key role in this process.The use of microfungi in industrial and biotechnological fields offers significant innovations and
solutions in health, food, and environmental sustainability. These microorganisms have immense
potential and are poised to provide further innovations in the future.