Spectrophotometric Fluoride Determination Using St. John's Wort Extract as a Green Chromogenic Complexant for Al(III)


Yardlmcl B., ARDA A., APAK M. R.

ACS Omega, vol.7, no.49, pp.45432-45442, 2022 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 7 Issue: 49
  • Publication Date: 2022
  • Doi Number: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06048
  • Journal Name: ACS Omega
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Directory of Open Access Journals
  • Page Numbers: pp.45432-45442
  • Istanbul University Affiliated: No

Abstract

© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.In this study, we applied an innovative approach of green analytical chemistry to develop a novel and eco-friendly chromogenic agent for fluoride determination by making use of the nontoxic Al(III)-flavonoid complex in a natural extract from St. John's wort plant. The initial intensely yellow-colored Al(III)-flavonoid complex formed in the plant extract was converted to a colorless AlF63-complex with increasing amounts of fluoride, and color bleaching of the Al-flavonoid chromophore (measured as absorbance decrement) was proportional to fluoride concentration. The developed method gave a linear response within the F-concentration range of 0.11-1.32 mM with the LOD and LOQ values of 0.026 mM (0.5 mg L-1) and 0.079 mM (1.5 mg L-1), respectively. The LOD value for fluoride was below the WHO-permissible limit (1.5 mg L-1) and the US-EPA-enforceable limit (4 mg L-1) in water. The possible interference effects of common anions (Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-, HCO3-, SO42-, and PO43-) and cations (K+, NH4+, Ag+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, and Fe3+) were investigated; the observed interferences from Fe2+, Fe3+, and PO43-were easily eliminated by masking iron with the necessary amount of Na2EDTA without affecting the blank absorbance of the Al(III)-flavonoid complex, precipitating phosphate with Ag(I) salt, and partly neutralizing alkaline water samples to pH 4 with acetic acid. The developed method was applied to real water samples and also validated against a reference spectroscopic method at the 95% confidence level.