Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
MINERALS, cilt.15, sa.7, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
T & uuml;rkiye hosts a wide variety of barite deposits that can be broadly classified into two major groups based on their tectonic settings: magmatism-associated and passive margin-hosted deposits. The magmatism-associated deposits include K & imath;z & imath;lca & ouml;ren (F + Ba + REE + Th, Beylikova-Eski & scedil;ehir), Kiraz & ouml;ren (Bulancak-Giresun), and Karaca & ouml;ren (Mesudiye-Ordu). The K & imath;z & imath;lca & ouml;ren deposit formed in relation to the emplacement of a late Oligocene carbonatitic sill, while the Kiraz & ouml;ren and Karaca & ouml;ren deposits are associated with the Cretaceous Pontide magmatic arc. Passive margin-hosted deposits occur within various Paleozoic sedimentary lithologies-such as metasandstone, shale, schist, and limestone-and are found in the Taurides and the Arabian Platform. These deposits occur as either concordant or discordant veins. This barite belt extends from & Scedil;arkikaraa & gbreve;a & ccedil; (Isparta), through H & uuml;y & uuml;k (Konya) and Alanya (Antalya), to Silifke (Mersin), Tordere (Adana), & Ouml;nsen, & Scedil;ekeroba (Kahramanmara & scedil;), and Hask & ouml;y (Mu & scedil;). The Paleozoic deposits represent the major barite resources of T & uuml;rkiye, with an annual production of approximately 300,000 metric tons. Smaller deposits around Gazipa & scedil;a (Antalya) contain minor Pb-Zn sulfides. Mesozoic barite deposits are hosted in Triassic dolomites and are associated with Pb-Zn mineralization in the Hakkari region of the Arabian Platform. Pb and Sr isotope data indicate that the barium in these deposits was derived from ancient continental crust. The isotopic compositions of both concordant (stratabound) and discordant (vein-type) barites are generally homogeneous. In northwestern T & uuml;rkiye, the Sr isotope compositions of the barite deposits align well with those of the Oligocene carbonatite host complex. The 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio of the K & imath;z & imath;lca & ouml;ren deposit (0.706 parts per thousand) is the least radiogenic among Turkish barite deposits, suggesting a mantle contribution. The Kiraz & ouml;ren deposit in the Pontide magmatic arc follows with a slightly higher ratio (0.707 parts per thousand). Triassic barites from the Hakkari region yield 87Sr/86Sr values around 0.709 parts per thousand, slightly more radiogenic than coeval seawater. Paleozoic barite deposits show the most radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr values, including Ayd & imath;nc & imath;k (0.718 parts per thousand), & Scedil;arkikaraa & gbreve;a & ccedil; (0.714 parts per thousand), Hask & ouml;y (0.713 parts per thousand), Kahramanmara & scedil; (0.712 parts per thousand), Tordere, and H & uuml;y & uuml;k (both 0.711 parts per thousand), consistent with their respective host rocks. The elevated radiogenic Pb and Sr isotope values in the passive margin-hosted deposits suggest that the barium originated from deeper, barium-enriched rocks, whereas stable sulfur isotope data point to a marine sulfur source. Moreover, Sr and S isotopic signatures indicate that the Paleozoic sediment-hosted deposits formed in association with cold seeps on the seafloor, resembling modern analogs. In contrast, the Mesozoic Karakaya deposit (Hakkari) represents a typical vent-proximal, sediment-hosted deposit with no magmatic signature.