A Probabilistic Approach to Load Balancing in Multi-Cloud Environments via Machine Learning and Optimization Algorithms

Sefati S. S., Nor A. M., Arasteh B., Craciunescu R., Comsa C.

Journal of Grid Computing, vol.23, no.2, 2025 (SCI-Expanded) identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 23 Issue: 2
  • Publication Date: 2025
  • Doi Number: 10.1007/s10723-025-09805-6
  • Journal Name: Journal of Grid Computing
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, FRANCIS, Compendex, INSPEC
  • Keywords: Load balancing, Multi-cloud environments, Optimization algorithms, Probabilistic modeling, Resource utilization, Ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC)
  • Istanbul University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Efficient load balancing stands out as a crucial challenge in multi-cloud environments, particularly for applications that demand ultra-reliable, low-latency communications (URLLC). This paper proposes a novel approach integrating Decision Functions with Normal Distributions (DFND) for precise probabilistic modeling of task-to-cloud compatibility. Multivariate normal distributions capture interdependencies between resource features such as CPU, memory, bandwidth, and latency, ensuring accurate resource compatibility evaluation. Additionally, the Tasmanian Devil Optimization (TDO) algorithm employs dynamic exploration and exploitation strategies inspired by natural behaviors, providing rigorous optimization to improve task assignment in dynamic, multi-cloud environments. It uses flexible methods to ensure the optimization process is both efficient and scalable. Simulation results using CloudSim demonstrate significant improvements over state-of-the-art methods in terms of makespan reduction, response time minimization, resource utilization, and cost efficiency. The proposed framework effectively supports latency-sensitive, large-scale applications in dynamic, heterogeneous multi-cloud environments.