Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
International Symposium, Bottlenecks, Solutions and Priorities in the Context of Functions of Forest Resources, Türkiye, 1 - 04 Ekim 2007, ss.363-374
Odun üretimi ormancılık çalışmaları içerisinde en zor ve en fazla emek gerektiren çalışmalardır. Ülkemiz ormancılığındaki üretim çalışmalarında ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel nedenlerden dolayı halen yoğun olarak insan gücü kullanılmaktadır. Bunun başlıca nedeni, orman içi veya civarındaki orman köylüsüne iş olanakları sunmaktır. Bu durum ülke ormancılığımızda üretim çalışmalarında mekanizasyonun gelişmesine engel olmaktadır. Gelişmiş ülkelerde, üretim çalışmalarında kullanılan mekanizasyon oranının %80’lere varmasına rağmen, bu oran ülkemizde %10-15’ler civarındadır. Ülkemizdeki ormancılık çalışmalarında, modern üretim makinelerinin kullanımı hiçbir zaman yeterli olmamıştır. Modern makine ve ekipmanların kullanılmaması nedeniyle, üretim çalışmalarında hem zaman bakımından, hem de üretilen ürünlerde kalite ve kantite kayıpları ve ekonomik bakımdan problemler yaşanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ormanların işletmeye açılmasında mekanizasyonun kullanımı incelenmiş ve ormancılığımızda mekanizasyonun geliştirilmesi bakımından yeni öneriler getirilmiştir.
The production of wood raw material are formed various stages that continues from the productive place to market centre. These work stages depend on each other like rings of a chain. Success and failures in each stage effect the next stage. The transport of forestry products is realized in two stages. The first one is the primary transport stage which involves the haulage of timbers, while the second one is the secondary transport stage involving the main stage of transport of timbers, generally realized by trucks on forest roads. However the increasing of forest product that is formed our country recently, now harvesting has been still made with old patterns, such as sliding, throwing, circling transport with human, skidding with animals on direct ground. Besides specials forest Tractors and skylines are used in some areas. The level of harvesting mechanization in developed countries is higher than Turkey. While mechanical harvesting is about 86% in Austria that is similar to Turkey, this ratio is about between 10% and 15% in Turkey.
Approximately percentage of man power, animal power, machine power and skyline harvesting are 72%, 15%, 8% and 5%, respectively. Turkish General Directorate of Forestry’s mechanical park total amount is 457 in 2004 (Hasdemir, 2001). Mechanical park amount has been reduced to 19 Tractors (4x4 and assembled shovel), 169 skidding winches, 6 Tractors with equipment of snow cleaner, 46 forklifts, 26 loaders, 32 skylines, 65 agricultural Tractors, 88 trucks, 4 agricultural Tractors with shovel, 2 barking machines as of 2004. Approximate percentages of skidders, trucks, 4x2 Tractors, forklifts, skylines, loaders, 4x4 Tractors and barking machines are 36.9%, 19.3%, 16.4%, 10%, 7%, 5.7%, 4.2% and 0.5% in 2004. 4x2 and 4x4 Tractors total amount has been reached to 41.7% in 1982, but this percentage has been reduced to 20.6% in 2004. Total machine park amount has been reduced 41.4% between years 1998-2004 in Turkey. In spite of existence of substantial number of harvesters, the amount of modern harvesting processor in Turkey is not sufficient. Different type and marked machine hasn’t taken into consideration to improve mechanization and a poor standardization in harvesting is another problem in Turkey. In this paper is to summarize usage of mechanization in exploitation and problems of mechanized harvesting in Turkey.