Journal of Adhesion, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments and bonding protocols on the bond strength to sclerotic dentin, providing evidence-based insights for clinical decision-making. A comprehensive electronic search was performed in MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE, to identify in vitro studies published up to May 2025. Studies assessing bond strength to human sclerotic dentin using surface treatments and/or adhesive systems were included. Extracted data included the author and year of publication, type of dentin substrate and teeth, dentin treatment and/or bonding strategy, type of dental adhesive, bond strength testing method, and main findings. Risk of bias was evaluated using the ROBDEMat tool. The included studies were synthesized narratively due to heterogeneity in study designs, materials, and outcome measures. Across the included studies, sclerotic dentin generally exhibited lower bond strength than sound dentin. Phosphoric acid etching, mechanical roughening, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid conditioning, and the use of two-step self-etch, or universal adhesives were most frequently associated with improved bonding performance. Bonding to sclerotic dentin remains an intricate interplay of mechanical, chemical, and adhesive system factors. A tailored approach based on substrate characteristics and adhesive system selection is essential.