Euromat 2011, France, 1 - 04 September 2011, pp.505
Biomaterials are known to have a remarkable role in health sciences. Bioceramics in particular alumina and hydroxyapatite become more important among various biomaterials due to their outstanding properties such as high biocompatibility. Alumina is defined as ‘bioinert’ because of its limited tissue bonding capacity. Conversely hydroxyapatite is defined as “bioactive” owing to its excellent ability of forming bonds with the body tissues. Since hydroxyapatite has a brittle character and alumina’s structure is stronger than hydroxyapatite, it is aimed to assemble these phases. As a result, biocomposite powders of high porosity are obtained. Porous materials are preferred in biomedical applications for better and faster cell and tissue growth/development.Sol-gel method is used to obtain alumina. Firstly, boehmite (AlOOH) sole is produced by hydrolyzing aluminium iso-propoxide (AIP, Al(OC3H7)3) as starting material. Then this sole is mixed with hydroxyapatite powders (Bovine Hydroxyapatite, BHA) obtained from bovine bones. Subsequently, the mixture is gelated at 110 ºC for 3 hours and the resulting gel mixture is heat treated at 1300 ºC for 2 hours. BHA powders are not synthetic and added to each boehmite sole in proportions of % 10, % 20, % 30 and % 50 of AIP. It was observed that the powders produced after the heat treatment are white and irregular shaped. Irregular shape was interpreted as a sign of porosity. In order to investigate the porosity properties, pellets are prepared from these powders and heat treated at 1300 ºC for 2 hours. Porosity is demonstrated by applying open porosity and bulk density tests. Pellets contain % 38,29 (wt. % 10 BHA), % 43,43 (wt. % 20 BHA), % 43,33 (wt. % 30 BHA) and % 39 (wt. % 50 BHA) average open porosity. Average bulk densities of the pellets are 2,046 g/cm3 (wt. % 10 BHA), 1,971 g/cm3 (wt. % 20 BHA), 1,977 g/cm3 (wt. % 30 BHA) and 1,937 g/cm3 (wt. % 50 BHA). In SEM-EDS images, big pores were observed between two different phases which confirms the porosity results. These phases were identified as apatitic structures (oxyapatite, hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate) and α-alumina based on XRD analysis. Needle shape of sol-gel derived alumina and relatively low heat treatment temperature for this phase are thought to be the factors that are effective on porosity. |