Intracranial Hemorrhage Associated With T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia With Hyperleukocytosis: A Case Report

Ağrali Eröz N., Derviş M. F., Tuna Deveci R., Sencer S., Peker B., Demirkol D.

JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY, cilt.43, sa.6, 2021 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 43 Sayı: 6
  • Basım Tarihi: 2021
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002027
  • Dergi Adı: JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, CAB Abstracts, EMBASE, MEDLINE
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: hyperleukocytosis, intracranial hemorrhage, leukemia, neuroimaging, leukapheresis, ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA, COMPLICATIONS, LEUKAPHERESIS, CHILDREN, LEUKOSTASIS
  • İstanbul Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Acute leukemia in children may present with hyperleukocytosis. Symptomatic hyperleukocytosis is a medical emergency that necessitates rapid stabilization of the patient and prompt lowering of the leukocyte count. We report on a patient with intracranial hemorrhage associated with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with hyperleukocytosis, which is a rare occurrence. A 16-year-old boy with hyperleukocytosis (total white cell count; 398x10(3)/mu L) underwent repeated leukapheresis and received supportive treatment until a definite diagnosis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia was made and chemotherapy was started at 10% of the usual dose. On day 2 of treatment, he had headache, vomiting, and was agitated. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral extensive hemispheric and cerebellar punctate areas of hemorrhage and perilesional edema. Chemotherapy intensified to a maximum dose on day 3. If supportive care for tumor lysis syndrome can be promptly provided, initial chemotherapy regimen can immediately be begun at an optimal dose.