The 2025 KDIGO guideline on the management of nephrotic syndrome in children: a comment of the European Renal Association Immunonephrology Working Group
CLINICAL KIDNEY JOURNAL, vol.19, no.1, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Publication Type: Article / Review
- Volume: 19 Issue: 1
- Publication Date: 2026
- Doi Number: 10.1093/ckj/sfaf381
- Journal Name: CLINICAL KIDNEY JOURNAL
- Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Directory of Open Access Journals
- Keywords: anti-nephrin, immunosuppression, kidney biopsy, nephrotic syndrome, paediatric
- Istanbul University Affiliated: Yes
Abstract
Despite advances and therapeutic progress, nephrotic syndrome (NS) in childhood remains challenging due to its heterogeneous presentation, variable response to treatment and the potential of adverse long-term kidney outcomes. The recently published KDIGO 2025 clinical practice guideline for the management of NS in children refines the definitions of relapse, infrequently- and frequently-relapsing NS and steroid-resistant NS. Herein we describe the revised definitions, summarize the key updates of the KDIGO 2025 guidelines and comment on the new treatment algorithm from a European viewpoint, highlighting the need for individualized approaches to minimize toxicity and optimize long-term kidney outcomes in NS in children.