Reliability and Validity of the Turkish BIQ-C and AAI for Assessing Body Dysmorphic Disorder Symptoms

Tayşi B., Yıldız K. A., OBA KAYMAZ M. Ç., GÖKLER M. E., TARAKÇIOĞLU M. C.

Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, SSCI, Scopus) identifier identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Publication Date: 2026
  • Doi Number: 10.1177/13591045261430408
  • Journal Name: Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Scopus, Child Development & Adolescent Studies, CINAHL, Educational research abstracts (ERA), MEDLINE, Psycinfo
  • Keywords: adolescent, body dysmorphic disorders, psychometrics, questionnaires, surveys
  • Istanbul University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

This study aimed to translate the Body Image Questionnaire–Child and Adolescent Version (BIQ-C) and the Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI) into Turkish and evaluate their psychometric properties in adolescents and young adults. A total of 192 participants aged 11–20 years were recruited from child and adolescent psychiatry and dermatology clinics. After a forward–backward translation procedure, participants completed the BIQ-C, AAI, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale modified for BDD (BDD-YBOCS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and PedsQL.Exploratory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure for the BIQ-C and a unidimensional structure for the AAI. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit for the BIQ-C (CFI = 0.975, RMSEA = 0.038) and an acceptable fit for the AAI (CFI = 0.918, RMSEA = 0.102). Internal consistency was acceptable for the BIQ-C (α = 0.75) and good for the AAI (α = 0.88). Test–retest reliability was moderate for the BIQ-C (r = 0.59) but low for the AAI (r = 0.36). Both measures correlated positively with each other and BDD-YBOCS, and negatively with quality-of-life, supporting validity.Findings suggest that the Turkish BIQ-C and AAI are reliable tools for assessing body image concerns and BDD symptoms, though the AAI may be more sensitive to symptom fluctuations.