Is the Subjective Element of Justification Necessary?

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TOKGÖZ H. B.

JOURNAL OF PENAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY-CEZA HUKUKU VE KRIMINOLOJI DERGISI, vol.13, no.1, pp.182-189, 2025 (ESCI)

• Publication Type: Article / Article
• Volume: 13 Issue: 1
• Publication Date: 2025
• Doi Number: 10.26650/jplc2025-1661166
• Journal Name: JOURNAL OF PENAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY-CEZA HUKUKU VE KRIMINOLOJI DERGISI
• Journal Indexes: Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), Central & Eastern European Academic Source (CEEAS), Directory of Open Access Journals
• Page Numbers: pp.182-189
• Istanbul University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

The article presents the generally accepted dual (objective/subjective) structure of justification grounds or permissive norms and discusses certain viewpoints that propose a shift towards a purely objective justification. These perspectives are rooted in two fundamental considerations: the role of permissive norms within the broader structure of criminal law theory and their connection to the principle of harm.