The calcimimetic R-568 attenuates subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced vasospasm through PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway in the rat model.

Güleç İ., Şengelen A., Karagöz-Güzey F., Önay-Uçar E., Eren B., Vahabova G., ...More

Brain research, vol.1765, pp.147508, 2021 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 1765
  • Publication Date: 2021
  • Doi Number: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147508
  • Journal Name: Brain research
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, PASCAL, Animal Behavior Abstracts, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, EMBASE, Linguistics & Language Behavior Abstracts, MEDLINE, Psycinfo, Veterinary Science Database
  • Page Numbers: pp.147508
  • Keywords: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), Cerebral vasospasm, R-568, PI3K, Akt, eNOS pathway, CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR, EARLY BRAIN-INJURY, CEREBRAL VASOSPASM, ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS, CHOROID-PLEXUS, PHOSPHORYLATION, EXPRESSION, AKT, INHIBITION, APOPTOSIS
  • Istanbul University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) causes mortality and morbidity in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The mechanism and adequate treatment of CVS are still elusive. R-568 is a calcimimetic agent known to exert a vasodilating effect. However, there is no report on its vasodilator effect against SAH-induced vasospasm. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of R-568 on the SAH-induced CVS model in rats. Seventytwo adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 8 groups: sham surgery; SAH only; SAH + Vehicle, SAH + R-568; SAH + R-568 + Wortmannin (the PI3K inhibitor); SAH + Wortmannin; SAH + R-568 + Calhex-231 (a calcilytic agent); SAH + Calhex-231. SAH was induced by blood (0.3 mL) given by intracisternal injection. R-568 (20 mu M) was administered intracisternal immediately prior to experimental SAH. Basilar arteries (BAs) were obtained to evaluate PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway (immunoblotting) and morphological changes 48 h after SAH. Perimeters of BAs were decreased by 24.1% in the SAH group compared to the control group and the wall thickness was increased by 75.3%. With R-568 treatment, those percentages were 9.6% and 29.6%, respectively, indicating that vasospasm was considerably improved when compared with the SAH group (P < 0.001 in both). While p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt ratio and eNOS protein expression were markedly decreased in the SAH rats, treatment with R-568 resulted in a significant increase in these levels. The beneficial effects of R-568 were partially blocked in the presence of Calhex-231 and completely blocked in the presence of Wortmannin. Herein, we found that treatment with R-568 would attenuate SAH-induced CVS through the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway and demonstrate therapeutic promise in CVS treatment following SAH.