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TURKISH JOURNAL OF HISTORY-TARIH DERGISI, no.88, pp.170-183, 2026 (ESCI, Scopus)
The tughra-bearing firmans in the archive can be examined in two groups: The first consists of those that were returned because their purpose had been fulfilled or because the addressee had left office; the second consists of those whose contents were not approved and were therefore rewritten, with the original version being canceled and preserved. For this reason, care must be taken before using them. As for the documents, when evaluating them, it is advisable to read them several times if necessary until one is certain that they have been correctly understood. Otherwise, error is inevitable.