Synthesis of novel ball-type metallophthalocyanines with free-phthalonitrile groups based on tris-phthalonitrile as high-performance graphene-based supercapacitor electrodes


Soylu C., Koyuncu E., Koçyi̇ği̇t N., ARVAS M. B., Acar-Selçuki̇ N., ÖZER M., ...Daha Fazla

Journal of Alloys and Compounds, cilt.1051, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 1051
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.186041
  • Dergi Adı: Journal of Alloys and Compounds
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, INSPEC, Public Affairs Index
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Ball-type metallophthalocyanine, Density functional theory, Energy storage, Graphene, Symmetric supercapacitor
  • İstanbul Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Novel four 4,4′-((1-(4-(2-(4-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy) phenyl) propan-2-yl)phenyl) ethane-1,1-diyl) bis(4,1-phenylene)) bis(oxy))-bridged ball-type metallophthalocyanines were achieved from 4,4′-((1-(4-(2-(4-(3, 4-dicyanophenoxy) phenyl) propan-2-yl) phenyl) ethane-1, 1-diyl) bis (4, 1-phenylene)) bis(oxy)) diphthalonitrile (TPN) utilizing transition metal (II) acetate salts in 2-dimethylaminoethanol. The compounds were structurally characterized using IR, H NMR, MALDI TOF MS, and UV-Vis techniques. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) calculations were also performed to investigate the structural and electronic properties of the compounds in DMF. This study reports the electrochemical application of novel ball-type metallophthalocyanine/graphene (BTMPc/G) composites (M = Co, Zn, Cu, Ni) as electrode materials for symmetric supercapacitor devices. The composite active materials, fabricated with a 1:1 wt ratio of BTMPc and Graphene, utilized the synergistic effect of the highly conductive graphene scaffold and the pseudocapacitive transition metal centers of the macrocycles. Electrochemical evaluation of the fabricated symmetric devices in a 1.0 M H₂SO₄ aqueous electrolyte revealed that the central metal ion decisively influenced the performance. Consequently, the BTCoPc/G//BTCoPc/G symmetric supercapacitor demonstrated the remarkable charge storage capacity of the cobalt composite, reaching a maximum specific capacitance of 414 F/g (from CV at 1 mV/s) and a high energy density of 129.4 Wh/kg.