All the "Missing" ladies: Attribution bias in candidate selection after electoral setbacks *


Cakir S., Erbay E., Matakos K.

ELECTORAL STUDIES, cilt.99, 2026 (SSCI, Scopus) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 99
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.electstud.2025.103032
  • Dergi Adı: ELECTORAL STUDIES
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Scopus, Geobase, Historical Abstracts, Index Islamicus, Political Science Complete, Public Affairs Index
  • İstanbul Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

How do parties update candidate lists after electoral setbacks, and what does this mean for women's repre sentation? We exploit Turkey's 2015 back-to-back parliamentary elections as quasi-experimental leverage and implement a difference-in-differences design that compares the governing Justice and Development Party (JDP) to the Republican People's Party (RPP), whose March 2015 primaries largely fixed the district-level gender com position of slates. Falling short of a single-party majority in June was followed by a roughly 40 % contraction in the JDP's women candidates and a disproportionate downgrading at electable ranks, interrupting a decade-long upward trend. The contraction is concentrated in conservative strongholds. A rank-weighted decomposition shows that net removals, rather than simple demotions, account for most of the decline; changes outside electable ranks are smaller and imprecisely estimated. Event-time estimates indicate the shock produced a one-off adjustment that reverted by 2018. Taken together, the evidence is most consistent with a mix of statistical discrimination where seats are at stake and attribution bias that overshoots, illustrating how elite responses under compressed timelines can quickly erode representational gains in closed-list systems.