Fabrication of a molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensor for the selective assay of antipsychotic drug clozapine and performance comparison with LC-MS/MS

KUL A., Budak F., Cetinkaya A., Kaya S. I., Al S., Sagirli O., ...Daha Fazla

TALANTA, cilt.281, 2025 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 281
  • Basım Tarihi: 2025
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126810
  • Dergi Adı: TALANTA
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, L'Année philologique, Aerospace Database, Analytical Abstracts, Aqualine, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, Metadex, Pollution Abstracts, Veterinary Science Database, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • İstanbul Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Clozapine (CLO) is an atypical antipsychotic drug indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia. The treatment effectiveness of CLO is better than that of other atypical antipsychotics, and it has the advantage of being able to determine its effectiveness by measuring its concentration in the patient's blood. Thus, sensitive, selective, and accurate determination of CLO in blood is highly significant for treatment monitoring. This study describes the design and fabrication of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based electrochemical sensor for CLO determination. This is the first MIP-based electrochemical application in the literature for CLO determination. Employing the thermal polymerization approach, the MIP was formed on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using CLO as the template, trans-3-(3-Pyridyl)acrylic acid (3,3-TA) as the functional monomer, and the support of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Elaborate characterizations in terms of surface morphology and electrochemistry were performed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. An indirect approach was employed to determine CLO in standard solution, real human biological samples, and tablet formulation, using 5 x 10(-3) M [Fe(CN)(6)](3-/4-) solution as the redox probe. The limit of detection (LOD) values for the standard solution and serum sample were calculated as 2.9 x 10(-11) M and 6.01 x 10(-12 )M, respectively. These values and recovery studies confirmed the sensor's sensitivity and feasibility. The measurements in the presence of similarly structured compounds (olanzapine and quetiapine fumarate) verified the sensor's superior selectivity. Moreover, the developed sensor's performance was compared and verified using an LC-MS/MS method using the student's t-test and F-test.