THE METHODS OF THE ANCIENTS IN COMPOSITION ON THE SUBJECT OF HISBAH

The Hisba is considered one of the significant institutions in the Islamic state from an economic perspective, resonating through history from the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to the Ottoman Empire and maintaining value in select Islamic countries today. Based on this importance of Hisba، this research paper is structured into three distinct sections. The first segment serves to define the Hisba institution and shows its position and value in the Holy Qur’an، the Sunnah of the Prophet، and Islamic economics. The second part studies the interconnection between Hisba and economics، explaining its vital role in market monitoring and regulation، price control، monitoring for monopolistic practices، and the assessment of product quality. Lastly، the third section concentrates on a selection of practical treatises and works within the domain of Hisba. These include seven notable works spanning centuries، from the "Ahkam Al-Suq" by Al-Kinani (289 AH) to ‘Ma’alim al-Qurbah fi Ahkam al-Hisba’ by Ibn Al-Akhwa (729 AH). The topics and issues were addressed، and the methodologies of the authors were analyzed in terms of their practical approach، away from theoretical discussions. Notable examples include "Ahkam Al-Suq،" a compilation of marketrelated issues addressed through practical experience، and the writings of scholars like Al-Shayzari، Ibn Abdun and Ibn Bassam، who detailed Al-Hisbah's role in industries and commerce. These texts discuss market ethics، deceit، fraud، monopoly، pricing، and prevailing market practices.