Sono-oxidative desulfurization of fuels using heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts: A comprehensive review

ALBAYRAK A. T., TAVMAN A.

ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY, cilt.83, 2022 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
  • Cilt numarası: 83
  • Basım Tarihi: 2022
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105845
  • Dergi Adı: ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, PASCAL, Applied Science & Technology Source, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, Computer & Applied Sciences, EMBASE, INSPEC, MEDLINE, Directory of Open Access Journals
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Ultrasound, Oxidative Desulfurization (ODS), Desulfurization Process Efficiency (DPE), Phase Transfer Catalyst (PTC), Heterogeneous catalyst, MESOPOROUS SILICA NANOPARTICLES, ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED OXIDATION, PHOSPHOTUNGSTIC ACID/ACTIVATED CARBON, METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS, VACUUM GAS OIL, HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE, SULFUR-COMPOUNDS, DEEP DESULFURIZATION, DIESEL FUEL, MODEL FUEL
  • İstanbul Üniversitesi Adresli: Hayır

Özet

Recently, environmental pollution has increased significantly due to petroleum-based fuels widely used in vehicles. This environmental pollution is mainly due to the acidic SO2 gas generated by the combustion of fuels and emitted into the atmosphere. SO2 gas causes not only acid rain but also corrosion of metal parts of engines in vehicles. In addition, it functions as a catalyst poison in catalytic converters in exhaust system. Due to these damages, strict regulations have been introduced to reduce the amount of sulfur in fuels. As of 2005, the permissible amount of sulfur in diesel fuels in Europe and America has been limited to 10 and 15 ppm by weight, respectively.& nbsp;Due to the decreasing oil reserves in the world, high viscosity petroleums containing high sulfur and heavier fractions (i.e., low-quality oils) are increasing, thus making desulfurization difficult and leading to high costly process. Since time and economic loss are very important today, these two terms have to be reduced to a minimum. Recently, ultrasound wave in ODS shown as an alternative to HDS is utilized to further increase desulfurization in shorter times. Ultrasound wave locally creates high temperatures and high pressures (hot-spot theory) in liquid, causing the desulfurization reaction to accelerate further.& nbsp;In this review, the advantages and difficulties of oxidative desulfurization, the economics of ultrasound assisted oxidative desulfurization are summarized and recommendations for improving the process are presented.