An algorithm for Botulinum toxin A injection for upper eyelid retraction associated with thyroid eye disease: long-term results

Karabulut G. O., Fazil K., Saracoglu Yilmaz B., Ozturker C., Gunaydin Z. K., Taskapili M., ...More

ORBIT-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON ORBITAL DISORDERS-OCULOPLASTIC AND LACRIMAL SURGERY, vol.40, no.5, pp.381-388, 2021 (ESCI) identifier identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 40 Issue: 5
  • Publication Date: 2021
  • Doi Number: 10.1080/01676830.2020.1814351
  • Journal Name: ORBIT-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON ORBITAL DISORDERS-OCULOPLASTIC AND LACRIMAL SURGERY
  • Journal Indexes: Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, EMBASE, MEDLINE
  • Page Numbers: pp.381-388
  • Keywords: Botulinum toxin, thyroid eye disease, upper eyelid retraction, LID RETRACTION, TRIAMCINOLONE INJECTION, GRAVES ORBITOPATHY, EUROPEAN GROUP, MUSCLE, OPHTHALMOPATHY, GUANETHIDINE, BLEPHAROTOMY, MANAGEMENT, RECESSION
  • Istanbul University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and complications of transconjunctival Botulinum toxin A injections performed according to an algorithm, for the management of upper eyelid retraction associated with thyroid eye disease.