Theological Discussions in Tafsir Hashiyas: Ibn Kemal Pasha's Critiques of al-Baydawi in the Context of Ilāhiyyāt and Nubuwwa Issues

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Eren F., GÖKKIR B.

DINBILIMLERI AKADEMIK ARASTIRMA DERGISI-JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN RELIGIOUS SCIENCES, cilt.26, sa.3, ss.1987-2016, 2026 (ESCI)

Özet

Tafsir glosses (hawashi) have an important place in the post-classical tafsir tradition and they are among the works in which the views of exegetes were discussed and criticized. Ibn Kemal Pasha's (d. 940/1534) gloss on al-Baydawi's (d. 685/1286) !lnwar al-Tanz & imacr;l is an important example in this respect, especially in terms of theological issues. Although Ibn Kemal Pasha's theological views and his criticisms of al-Baydawi have been examined in different studies, there is no independent study that systematically examines the scholarly criteria on which his theological criticisms are based. Therefore, this study examines the main aspects of Ibn Kemal Pasha's criticisms of al-Baydawi in the fields of ilahiyyat and nubuwwa. The study is based on the manuscript of the gloss registered as no. 153 in the S & uuml;leymaniye Library and is limited to the part covering Q 2:21-96. Since the theological criticisms in the gloss are extensive, the study is limited to the issues of ilahiyyat and nubuwwa, while sam`iyyat is excluded from the scope. In this context, ma`rifat Allah, muwafat, the relationship between faith and deeds, ru'yat Allah, proofs of prophethood, the relationship between the prophet and the unseen, afdaliyyah, and 'ismah are examined. In the study, al-Baydawi's relevant interpretations and Ibn Kemal Pasha's criti-cisms are examined by using descriptive, comparative, and analytical methods. The criticisms are identified and classified according to their common character-istics. Under each type of criticism, the issues of ilahiyyat are examined first, fol-lowed by those of nubuwwa. When there is more than one issue in the same field, the order of subjects in kalam literature is followed. Ibn Kemal Pasha's tafsir and relevant treatises are also examined in order to determine the continuity and intellectual background of his criticisms. The findings show that Ibn Kemal Pasha's criticisms can be classified under five main headings: control of evidence, logical consistency, conceptual analysis, sectarian attribution, and the theological effect of the conclusion. It is seen that Ibn Kemal Pasha often criticizes not the final theological conclusion itself, but the evidence and reasoning used to reach that conclusion. He also examines the use of concepts, the accuracy of sectarian attributions, and the theological consequences of some interpretations. In addition, he re-evaluates some interpretations related to Mu'tazili thought. The study shows that Ibn Kemal Pasha's gloss does not remain at the level of ex-plaining al-Baydawi's views, but also includes critical evaluations of these views. The classification of these theological criticisms according to their scholarly criteria contributes to a better understanding of the critical character of tafsir hashiyas and the relationship between tafsir and kalam in the Ottoman scholarly tradition.