Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Uluslararası Tarım Çevre ve Sağlık Kongresi, Aydın, Türkiye, 26 - 28 Ekim 2018, ss.1849-1857
INSECTS
AS ALTERNATIVE PROTEİN SOURCES IN AQUACULTURE
The aim
of this review is to evaluate alternative protein sources that can be used in
aquaculture
Global
need for food sources are changing with urbanization in developing countries
and rise of income. Need for animal proteins will rise in the future resulting
in an increase of poultry and aquaculture production. The ever growing
population and decline in natural sources forces us to change our feeding
habits and prejudices. The need for high protein feeds is closely related with
meat consumption. Six kilogram plant based proteins are needed for every
one-kilogram high quality animal proteins. Animal production and aquaculture
feeds depend on plant based sources and natural fish stocks. Costs of raw materials fluctuate and lacks of
ingredients can be seen. This need for aquaculture and poultry production has
led the scientists to research alternative sources for proteins which are
sustainable and cheaper.
Insects
are natural food sources for poultry and fish. FAO reports that, black soldier
fly (Hermetia illucens), home fly larvae, cricket, ratchet, meal worms
(Tenebrio molitor), silk worm are used for animal feeding. Insects have
advantages compared to the traditional meat production sources. They have
better feed conversion rates. They release less greenhouse gasses and ammonia
for one-kilogram meat production compared to cattle and pork production. This
makes insect production an ecologic protein resource. It is possible to use
waste resources for insect production and recycle bio-waste for meat
production.
High
protein insects are a very good and economic source for feed formulations.
Essential amino acids, fats, vitamins and minerals are abundant and therefore
they are very important. Their protein quality is comparable to soybean and
fish meals which are the main feed ingredients presently. Digestibility is very
high (87-90%). Minerals like phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper, manganese and
selenium are rich. Insects will be directly or indirectly consumed in the
future as food or feeding ingredient.
Keywords:
aquaculture, insects, protein source