Challenges and future directions for multiple sclerosis after the 2024 McDonald diagnostic criteria

Oh, Jiwon; Barkhof, Frederik; Bar-Or, Amit; Ciccarrelli, Olga; Coetzee, Timothy; Filippi, Massimo; Granziera, Cristina; Hacohen, Yael; Hemmer, Bernhard; Kantarci, Orhun; Kim, Ho; Lebrun-Frenay, Christine; Montalban, Xavier; Mowry, Ellen; Ontaneda, Daniel; Prat, Alexandre; Reich, Daniel; Rovira, Alex; Sati, Pascal; Siva, Aksel; Solomon, Andrew; Sormani, Maria; Stankoff, Bruno; Thompson, Alan; Tintore, Mar; Traboulsee, Anthony; van der Walt, Anneke; Wiendl, Heinz; Calabresi, Peter

doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04490-8

Challenges and future directions for multiple sclerosis after the 2024 McDonald diagnostic criteria

Oh J., Barkhof F., Bar-Or A., Ciccarrelli O., Coetzee T., Filippi M., ...More

NATURE MEDICINE, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)

Publication Type: Article / Editorial Material
Publication Date: 2026
Doi Number: 10.1038/s41591-026-04490-8
Journal Name: NATURE MEDICINE
Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Biological Science Database (ProQuest), Health Research Premium Collection (ProQuest), Pharma Collection (ProQuest)
Istanbul University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

The 2024 revision of the McDonald diagnostic criteria is an important step toward earlier and more inclusive diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Realizing its full potential will require continued refinement of biomarkers, disease stratification and clinical trial approaches.