Effect of Pyrolysis Derived Coconut Shell Biochar on the Mechanical, Thermal, Rheological, and Water Absorption Properties of PLA Composites

Sahu S. K., Sreekanth P. S. R., Kumar A. P., El-Rayyes A., AYRILMIŞ N.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS, vol.46, no.11, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 46 Issue: 11
  • Publication Date: 2025
  • Doi Number: 10.1007/s10765-025-03637-y
  • Journal Name: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, INSPEC
  • Istanbul University Affiliated: No

Abstract

This study aims to develop sustainable PLA composites by incorporating coconut shell biochar (BC) (at 1, 2, 5 and 10 wt. %) and evaluating their mechanical, thermal, rheological, and water absorption performance. The composites exhibited enhanced tensile strength (21 to 68 MPa), hardness (28 to 53 HV), and flexural strength (a 62.5% increase), with crystallinity increasing from 24 to 47%. Thermal analysis revealed reduced stability but a 5% increase in char residue at 500 degrees C. Rheological improvements included higher storage/loss moduli and a 57% rise in damping factor. Water absorption increased with biochar content due to porosity and interfacial voids, confirmed by contact angle measurements. These results demonstrate the potential of PLA/BC composites as eco-friendly materials for packaging, agricultural films, and moisture-sensitive applications, contributing to sustainable development and greener urban environments.