Research Information System
in: The Neuroscience of Deep Brain Stimulation: Research and Clinical Applications, Elsevier, pp.133-177, 2026
Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a transformative treatment for movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor (ET), and dystonia. It provides targeted, reversible modulation of brain circuits, offering symptom relief when medical therapies fall short. Despite its established efficacy, challenges remain in patient selection, timing of intervention, and managing complications. Main Aspects: DBS operates through multifaceted mechanisms, including modulation of electrical and neurochemical activity, alterations in oscillatory brain rhythms, and potential contributions to neuroprotection. Advances in neuroimaging techniques, including ultra-high-field MRI and functional imaging, have enhanced the precision of DBS lead placement and target selection. Emerging approaches, such as asleep DBS, have improved patient comfort and expanded candidacy for the procedure. Key factors influencing DBS outcomes include accurate patient selection, optimal lead placement, device programming, and comprehensive postoperative care by multidisciplinary teams. DBS provides significant motor symptom relief, reduced medication dependence, and improved quality of life (QoL) for appropriately selected patients. However, challenges persist, including addressing non-motor symptoms, managing patients with atypical presentations, and mitigating risks such as cognitive decline or device-related complications. Conclusion: DBS has revolutionized the management of movement disorders, offering hope to patients with debilitating conditions. Future advancements, such as adaptive DBS and connectomic targeting, promise even greater personalization and efficacy. However, achieving optimal outcomes requires a nuanced understanding of patient-specific factors, close collaboration among healthcare providers, and ongoing innovation in surgical and programming techniques. By refining these aspects, DBS will continue to evolve as a cornerstone treatment for movement disorders.