Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
MİKROBİYOTANIN İNSAN SAĞLIĞI ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ, ORAL ÖNCÜL,ZERRİN AKTAŞ, Editör, İÜ PRESS, İstanbul, ss.135-178, 2024
The
intestinal microbiota has important functions such as regulating food
digestion, chemical metabolism and regulation of the immune system. Dysbiosis
(change of bacterial colonization) can occur with loss of certain beneficial
bacteria, changing bacterial diversity, or increased pathogens in the
microbiome. Dietary regulators used to regulate the microbiota include
fermented foods and diets rich in fiber, as well as probiotics, prebiotics, and
synbiotics.
Probiotics
are live microorganisms that provide health benefits to the host when
administered in adequate amounts. Probiotics have functions such as
colonization resistance, normalization of impaired microbiota, competitive
exclusion, vitamin synthesis, intestinal barrier reinforcement, neutralization
of carcinogens. Probiotics can be used in the treatment of diseases such as
gastrointestinal system diseases, allergic diseases, and metabolic diseases.
Prebiotics
are substances that act as nutrients and are selectively used by host
microorganisms and probiotic strains that provide health benefits. Substances used
as prebiotics consist of various oligosaccharides. The effects of prebiotics on
the gastrointestinal system, cardiac metabolism, mental health, cancer
development and other systems are known.
Synbiotics
are known as a combination of probiotics and prebiotics and are defined as
"a mixture of living microorganisms and substrates that are selectively
used by host microorganisms, conferring health benefits on the host".
Synbiotics can be designed as “complementary synbiotics” or “synergistic
synbiotics” in two ways: Probiotics and prebiotics that make up complementary
synbiotics must meet the definition criteria, while synergistic synbiotics do not
need to meet these criteria. Synbiotics have functions such as maintaining the
intestinal microbiota balance, regulating the immune system and preventing
bacterial translocation.
Postbiotics
are defined as “non-viable bacterial products” or “metabolic byproducts of
probiotic microorganisms with biological activity in the host”. Examples of
postbiotics are butyrate, short-chain fatty acids, muramyl dipeptide, and
exopolysaccharides.
Interventions
in the microbiota with probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics can
have significant effects on various metabolic functions.