The effectiveness of swaddling and maternal holding applied during heel blood collection on pain level of healthy term newborns; randomized controlled trial

İNAL S., Yilmaz D. A., ERDİM L.

EARLY CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND CARE, vol.192, no.13, pp.2066-2077, 2022 (SSCI) identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 192 Issue: 13
  • Publication Date: 2022
  • Doi Number: 10.1080/03004430.2021.1979536
  • Journal Name: EARLY CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND CARE
  • Journal Indexes: Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, ASSIA, IBZ Online, International Bibliography of Social Sciences, Child Development & Adolescent Studies, EBSCO Education Source, Education Abstracts, Educational research abstracts (ERA), ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Linguistics & Language Behavior Abstracts, MLA - Modern Language Association Database, Psycinfo
  • Page Numbers: pp.2066-2077
  • Keywords: Newborn, swaddling, heel stick, maternal holding, non-pharmacologic methods, pain management, PROCEDURAL PAIN, NEONATAL PAIN, MANAGEMENT, PREVENTION, RESPONSES, INTERVENTIONS, ANALGESIA, DURATION, EFFICACY, INFANTS
  • Istanbul University Affiliated: No

Abstract

This study was a prospective, randomized controlled trial. The study sample consisted of 105 healthy neonates who conformed to the case selection criteria. Neonates were randomly assigned to the following groups: swaddling (S), maternal holding (MH), and controls (C). The study data were obtained using an information form and the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS). There were no statistically significant differences between total crying times (C: 81.14 +/- 44.93; S:79.28 +/- 40.74; MH: 69.42 +/- 31.10 sec.) and the time to first calming (C: 71.28 +/- 50.87; S: 59.74 +/- 42.40; MH: 54.85 +/- 35.61) of heel stick procedures between all groups (p>.05). It was observed that procedural pain levels were the lowest in the maternal holding group (5.57 +/- 1.24), followed by swaddling (5.82 +/- 0.92), and the control group (6.40 +/- 0.91). As a result, both swaddling and maternal holding are effective at reducing pain felt during heel stick procedures, but mother holding may be preferred as a priority rather than swaddling.