Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
VACCINE, cilt.67, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in calves, prompting the development of effective vaccines. This study aimed to formulate an inactivated combined vaccine candidate against Bovine Rotavirus (BRV) and Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) using a single Aluminum Hydroxide adjuvant combined with Saponin to evaluate immune responses in mice. BRV and BCoV antigens were inactivated following multiplication in MA-104 and MDBK cell lines, respectively, and inactivated with 0.1 M BEI. The inactivation process was confirmed through CPE observations and real-time qPCR results from three blind passages. Particle sizes and densities of BRV and BCoV antigens were assessed using nanoparticle analysis, confirming that both viruses exhibited optimal particle characteristics. The immunogenicity of the resulting vaccines was evaluated through serological and cellular immunity assays. In ELISA and serum neutralization tests, all vaccine groups containing BRV and BCoV displayed significantly higher antibody responses compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Notably, the combined BRV and BCoV vaccine groups exhibited a strong neutralization effect. Cytokine responses, including IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, were significantly increased in the vaccine groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that combined vaccines containing BRV and BCoV antigens hold the potential to induce an effective immune response. Previous studies have highlighted the beneficial effects of Quil-A (R) on cellular immunity, and our results further support its role in enhancing both humoral and cellular immune responses across a broad range of individuals.