Research Information System
Journal of Energy Storage, vol.156, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Biomass-derived carbon materials are attracting significant interest as sustainable and low-cost electrode candidates for supercapacitors. This review systematically surveys a wide range of biomass carbon precursors, including agricultural residues, lignocellulosic materials, algae, food waste, and industrial by-products, and discusses their transformation into one, two, and three-dimensional carbon architectures for efficient charge storage. Key synthesis approaches-such as pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, and template-assisted methods are critically evaluated with respect to morphological control, pore engineering, and surface chemistry tuning. The role of physical, chemical, and self-activation strategies in optimizing porosity and electrochemical performance is also highlighted. Furthermore, current challenges related to rate capability, electrical conductivity, cycling stability are identified and recent advances in hybridization, heteroatom doping, and green synthesis strategies are discussed as potential solutions. Overall, this review establishes clear structure–property–performance relationships and emphasizes the promise of biomass-derived carbons for next-generation sustainable supercapacitor applications.