JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION, vol.102, no.1, pp.90-100, 2010 (SCI-Expanded)
Ozonation for the primary disinfection of drinking water is typically carried out using a contactor consisting of multiple vertical or horizontal chambers connected in series. Nonideal mixing conditions in these chambers can strongly reduce the overall efficiency of the disinfection process and can lead to excessive formation of disinfection by-products such as bromate.