Survival rates of children have increased with the advancements in pediatric cancer treatment. Cancer treatment typically includes various methods such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, bone marrow transplant, and surgical procedures, which can have significant physical, emotional, and cognitive effects on children and adolescents. Short and/or long-term side effects of these treatments can create sequelae risks in children. Pediatric cancer rehabilitation is an essential component of comprehensive cancer care continuum. It plays an important role in helping children and adolescents overcome the physical and emotional effects of cancer and its treatment, regain their functional abilities, and increase their quality of life. Rehabilitation specialists should work in close communication with the oncology team, identify complications that may arise in the musculoskeletal and nervous systems beforehand reducing the risk of long-term disabilities. Contributions from rehabilitation medicine in managing symptoms such as pain, fatigue, and sleep disorders improve the quality of life. Cognitive rehabilitation, speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, and psychosocial rehabilitation, which are important elements of holistic rehabilitation, help children and their families overcome difficulties that they may encounter throughout their lives, facilitating their participation to social life.