11th International Conference on Contemporary Philosophy of Religion , Sari, Iran, 9 - 10 May 2023, pp.16-17
This paper argues that although there are multiple arguments for the existence of God (e.g., ontological, cosmological), and that they menage to give an account of how the universe came to be, or why the idea of a perfect being is necessarily needed to anticipate the existence of contingent entities, they nevertheless fell short in providing an overarching picture of how a theist should make sense of such arguments, and in extension, the relationship between God and himself. Methodologically, this paper tackles with the mentioned problem by using truth-maker theory. I argue that to have a complete and air-tight case for philosophical theism, argument from religious experience (ARE) shall function as the truth-maker for a cumulative case for the existence of God. In other words, it shall introduce a way in which presupposed relationship between God and persons can correspond to each other by drawing on religious experience that would provide a concrete ontological stage for abstract entities proven by former arguments. Contrary to J. L. Mackie, I defend the truth maker maximalism and argue that religious utterances have rational and factual truth bearers. The same logic applies to the intra- relations between such arguments for the existence of God and ARE. However, the authenticity of religious experience is at question here since the problem begs the question whether that which is the truth maker of a proposition (e.g., religious experience as evidence) is itself in need of another truth maker. To avoid a circular reasoning and to establish a plausible case, I will employ R. Swinburne’s principle of credulity and show that religious experience is both authentic and trustworthy unless there are special considerations against an agent’s cognitive faculties. In conclusion, I believe it is highly likely to develop a more nuanced argument for the existence of God based on religious experience if construed through truth maker theory.
Keywords: Existence of God, Religious Experience, Truth Maker Theory, Theism, Cumulative Case.