After the revolution of the Abbasid the Umayyad State collapsed and the caliphate changed the hand in the favor of the Abbasid in the 132/750. The Spanish Umayyad State was built in the 138/756 by Abd al-Rahman ibn Muawiya who belong to the family of the Umayyads, after he came to the al-Andalus from Damascus and captured the government. The emirs of Spanish Umayyads not only did not recognize the caliphate of Abbasid but also did not proclaim themselves as caliphs. However, Abd al-Rahman III, who ascended the throne in the early 4-10^th century in al-Andalus, proclaimed himself as the caliph of al-Andalus in 316/929. He founded a new city called Madīna Azahara in the near of the Cordoba for the center of his caliphate after a few years of his proclamation. Madīna Azahara had a different character of the other cities that were founded by the muslims in al-Andalus in terms of the urbanization because the caliph, high-ranking bureaucrats and some of the people of Cordoba had lived in there. The city, which was established nearly forty years, had became the magnificent city and an eminent center for the scientific and cultural activities of al-Andalus in a few times. Madīna Azahara had been destroyed and leaved after the time of the social and political problems in the early of the 5-11^th century. The article aims to study the political and cultural situation of Madīna Azahara from the foundation to the destruction of the city.