The Position of Abdulhamid II And Ottoman Diplomacy in The Developments of Far East (1895-1904)

Eraslan, Cezmi; Dere, Umut

doi:10.26650/turkjhist.2020.017

The Position of Abdulhamid II And Ottoman Diplomacy in The Developments of Far East (1895-1904)

Atıf İçin Kopyala

Eraslan C., Dere U.

TURKISH JOURNAL OF HISTORY-TARIH DERGISI, sa.71, ss.317-346, 2020 (Hakemli Dergi)

Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
Basım Tarihi: 2020
Doi Numarası: 10.26650/turkjhist.2020.017
Dergi Adı: TURKISH JOURNAL OF HISTORY-TARIH DERGISI
Sayfa Sayıları: ss.317-346
Anahtar Kelimeler: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Sultan Abdulhamid II., Far East, Embassies
İstanbul Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Bu makalede, Osmanlı Hâriciye Nezâreti’nin bir asırlık zaman zarfında devletin dış ilişkilerinde kazandığı önem tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Osmanlı Dışişleri Bakanlığı’nın kalıcı bir devlet kurumu olma süreci XVIII. asrın sonunda ikamet elçilikleriyle başlamıştır. Çalışma, 1895-1904 dönemindeki olaylar ve yazışmalar üzerinden kurgulanmıştır.

Başlangıçta bulunduğu başkentte yaşanan askerî hazırlığı dahi teşhis edemeyen elçisi ile anılan nezâretin, yüzyılın sonunda imparatorluk merkezine çok uzak olan Uzak Doğu’daki gelişmeleri, çıkacak savaşları öncesinden padişaha bildirdiği bir seviyeye geldiği görülmektedir. Osmanlı Devleti, kendisinin oyun kurucu aktör olmadığı bu yüzyılda denge politikaları takip etmiştir. Sultan II. Abdülhamid devrinde bilhassa dış siyasetteki her gelişme devlete muhtemel etkisi bakımından yakından izlenmiştir. Rusya ve İngiltere’nin olası ittifâkının sonuçlarını tahmin eden II. Abdülhamid, Çin, Japonya, Cava ve Singapur gibi ülkelerde yaşayan Uzak Doğu Müslümanlarıyla yakın ilişkiler kurmuştur. Din kardeşliği teması üzerinden geliştirilen eğitim çalışmaları, bağlılıkları kuvvetlendirmiştir. Bu bağlılık, Osmanlı Devleti’nin bölge siyasetinde ihmal edilmemesi gerektiğini muhataplarına göstermiştir.

In this article, an attempt was made to determine the importance that the Ottoman Foreign Ministry gained in the foreign relations of the state over the course of a century. The process of becoming a permanent state institution of the Ottoman Ministry of Foreign Affairs started with the resident embassies at the end of the 18th century. The study is based on the events and correspondence between 1895-1904.

It is seen that the ministry, which was known for its representative who could not even identify the direction of the military preparations in the capital where he lived, reached a level that informed the Sultan about the developments and the coming wars at that period in the Far East, which were very far from the centre of the empire.

The Ottoman Empire followed balanced policies in this century, where she was not a leading actor.

During the reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II., every development - especially in foreign policy - was closely monitored for its possible impact on the fate of the state.
Abdulhamid II, who guessed the dangerous results of probable Anglo-Russian pact, communicated with the Muslims in India, China, Japan, Singapore and Java on the basis of Muslim brotherhood as a countermeasure. Abdulhamid II. educational studies based on the subject of religious brotherhood, strengthened the ties between the Ottoman Caliphate and the Muslim World living under British colonial rule. These strengthened ties showed to whom it may have concerned that Ottoman Empire could not be neglected in policies relating to that region.