Silicon-carbon synergies for enhanced energy storage: Insights into porous Si/graphite and porous Si/graphene composite anodes

Kalkan E., Eksik O., YAĞCİ Ö., Yüksel S. A., ARVAS M. B.

Synthetic Metals, vol.314, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 314
  • Publication Date: 2025
  • Doi Number: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117932
  • Journal Name: Synthetic Metals
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, PASCAL, Aerospace Database, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, INSPEC, Metadex, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Keywords: Graphene oxide, Lithium-ion batteries, Porous silicon, Pre-lithiation, Reduced graphene oxide
  • Istanbul University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

This study investigates the structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of graphite, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and porous silicon synthesized via HF:EtOH etching, aiming to optimize their potential as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochemical evaluations demonstrated that porous silicon doping significantly enhanced the performance of graphite- and rGO-based anodes. The optimal doping ratios of 20 % for graphite and 10 % for rGO yielded the highest specific capacities and superior cycling stability, as confirmed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrode with 20 % porous silicon was able to maintain 99 % of its capacity after 100 cycles at a current density of 1 C. Adding porous silicon to graphene increased the charge-discharge capacity of the electrodes, allowing the electrode with 10 % porous silicon to reach a capacity of 1400 mAh/g.