Unveiling the evolution of early internationalisation research: a bibliometric-systematic literature review

Ulaj G., HIZIROĞLU M.

International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business, vol.15, no.1, pp.101-133, 2025 (Scopus) identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Review
  • Volume: 15 Issue: 1
  • Publication Date: 2025
  • Doi Number: 10.1504/ijgsb.2025.148575
  • Journal Name: International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business
  • Journal Indexes: Scopus, Aerospace Database, Business Source Elite, Business Source Premier, CAB Abstracts, Communication Abstracts, INSPEC, Metadex, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Page Numbers: pp.101-133
  • Keywords: bibliometric analysis, born global, early internationalisation, international entrepreneurship, international new venture
  • Istanbul University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Early internationalisation (EI) has expanded considerably over the past three decades, yet its conceptual development and fragmentation remain insufficiently addressed. This study fills that gap by conducting a bibliometric-systematic literature review (B-SLR) of EI research from 1993 to 2023, drawing on Scopus data. Using performance analysis and co-word analysis, we examine key contributors and track thematic shifts across three decades of scholarship. Our findings reveal a shift from identifying the phenomenon to exploring its drivers, processes, and post-entry outcomes. Despite this progress, conceptual fragmentation persists. To support future research, we propose key questions across emerging areas such as decision-making, digitalisation, internationalisation speed, strategic capabilities, and institutional contexts.